Nigeria’s anti-corruption watchdog, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) accused Binance and Gambrayan of money laundering and foreign exchange manipulation. The crypto exchange also faces four-count tax evasion charges filed by the Federal Internal Revenue Service (FIRS). Last week, the court adjourned both cases, citing the failure of the two agencies to inform the company before arraignment.

Gambaryan, who appeared before Justice Emeka Nwite of the Abuja Division of the Federal High Court on Monday, pleaded not guilty to all four counts of money laundering, the News Agency of Nigeria reported.

Nwite dismissed Gambaryan’s appeal to be served without the charges of his escaped colleague, Nadeem Anjarwalla, Binance’s regional manager for Africa, who fled the country on March 22. 

Gambaryan will be remanded in Kuje Correctional Centre, pending the determination of his bail application on April 18.

The judge adjourned the case to May 5 for commencement of trial. 

Gambaryan and Anjarwalla were arrested and detained in February after flying into the country to resolve the company’s restricted website access—which the government blocked on suspicion of manipulating FX prices in unofficial markets. Binance’s regulatory woes in Nigeria are in connection with a push by the government to halt speculation on forex trading, following volatility in the price of the naira.

In a statement last week, Binance asked Nigerian authorities to release its detained official, saying he “has no decision-making power in the company and should not be held responsible while discussions are ongoing between Binance and the Nigerian government.” Both executives filed a human rights violation case in the Federal High Court, demanding their release, the return of their passports, and a public apology.

According to a statement by First Bank Holdings on Monday, the capital raise can be issued via a public offering, private placement or rights issue in the Nigerian or international capital markets or a combination of the listed methods. 

The move to shore up additional capital can be attributed to a directive by the banking regulator to all banks— commercial, merchant and non-interest banks—to increase their minimum capital requirements within 24 months, to enhance the stability of the financial system. 

Commercial banks with international spread will increase their capital by as much ₦500 billion to be licensed to operate in the country. While national and regional banks will raise ₦200 billion and ₦50 billion respectively. 

Many banks have recently had to consider raising additional capital to meet the CBN requirements, especially with a deadline at the end of April 2024 looming on their backs. Access Holdings, the parent company of Nigeria’s biggest bank by assets, previously planned to raise as much as ₦365 billion ($257 million) by selling shares to existing investors. Investors believe their capital raise is in response to this directed by the apex bank.

Many of these investors have shown interest in Open Market Operations (OMO) and treasury bills auctions.

Sources in the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX) said there was an uptick of foreign portfolio investors in the market which domestic investors dominated for the past seven years. Foreign Portfolio Investments on the NGX in February 2024 rose by 23% from ₦53.11billion ($39.13 million) to ₦65.81 billion ($42.61 million) compared to January 2024.

This uptick reflects investor confidence in the market, according to analysts. 

“High-interest rates attract foreign investor participation, which could stabilise the currency woes,” Ayodeji Ebo, Chief Business Officer, Optimus by Afrinvest told TechCabal over the telephone. 

The Central Bank has consecutively raised interest rates sharply to a 10-year high of 24.75%, in an aggressive move to contain stubborn inflation. At the last rate hike meeting, Cardoso hinted that the MPC would keep raising the rates in hopes that inflation moderates below 30%. The continuous rate hike has attracted more investors while hurting lending to smaller businesses.

Analysts told TechCabal that they want the trend to continue. Last week, the CBN directed all banks on a recapitalisation drive, to increase their minimum capital requirements within 24 months, to ensure stability of the financial system. Ebo believes that the entrant of foreign investors will provide the needed capital for the banks’ recapitalisation. He explained that even if the entry of foreign investors is for a short while, their inflow is important for stabilising the economy.

Foreign investors provide the liquidity needed in the market, said Ayooluwade Ogunwale, a portfolio manager. Therefore, making carry trade opportunities in Nigeria attractive again. 

The new rate, effective immediately, will be ₦225 per kilowatt-hour (kWh), a significant jump from the previous ₦66 per kWh, NERC’s vice chairman, Musliu Oseni told journalists on Wednesday.

These customers—under the Band A classification—use 20 hours of power supply daily and represent 15% of the country’s 12 million electricity customers. The upward price review will not affect customers on the other bands, he said.

On Tuesday, Bloomberg reported that Nigerian authorities plan to hike electricity prices as President Bola Tinubu seeks to reduce government spending and subsidise tariffs for only Nigerians in rural areas. The move follows pressure from the country’s electricity distribution companies, the report said.

The electricity tariff hike comes amid Nigeria’s worsening power supply which has been blamed on its low level of power generation and distribution. The West African nation has an installed capacity of 13,000 megawatts for its 200 million population. 

In March, Nigeria’s power minister Bayo Adelabu said plans were underway to “settle outstanding debts owed to power generation and gas supply companies, which will alleviate the financial strain and contribute to improved generation levels nationwide.”

Binance said Gambaryan, a former US Agent, “has no decision-making power in the company and should not be held responsible while discussions are ongoing between Binance and the Nigerian government”. 

Gambaryan was detained alongside Nadeem Anjarwalla, Binance’s Kenya-based regional manager for Africa. Both executives had flown into the country to resolve the company’s restricted website access. Anjarwalla fled the country with a smuggled passport, the office of Nigeria’s national security adviser (NSA) said. 

Last week, both executives filed a human rights violation suit at the Federal High Court of Nigeria, asking the office of the NSA and Nigeria’s anti-graft agency, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to release them, return their passports, and issue a public apology. 

Binance claims that Gambaryan—who leads Binance’s Financial Crime Compliance (FCC) team and was hired in 2021 to help fix the crypto giant’s complaint issue—has worked with Nigerian law enforcement in the past, providing information that helped tackle fraud and money laundering activities up to the tune of $400,000. The company said Gambaryan’s team facilitated multiple training sessions for Nigerian law enforcement on the role of exchanges in the digital asset ecosystem.

This is Gambaryan’s fifth week in detention. Last week, the Nigerian government filed tax evasion charges against Binance and sought an international arrest warrant for Anjarwalla, Binance’s regional manager for Africa who fled custody.

Babatunde Akin Moses, Mayowa Adeosun, and Onyinye Okonji co-founded the startup in 2019. Governed by a board, three co-founders lead the Sycamore team who refer to one another as Sytizens—a play on Sycamore and citizen.

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The CEO is informed by three key executives: Daniel Anyaegbu (CTO), Kingsley Makinde (head of product), and Adebayo Adenaike (head of investment). Adeosun, the COO, manages a team including Mercy Dada (head of risk), Segun Afuwape (head of collections), Elizabeth Oyelae (head of finance), and Chukwuemeka Ikpa (head of internal control). Meanwhile, the CCO, Okonji, leads Mojisola Fagbohunlu (head of marketing), Francis Agim (head of sales), Adewunmi Awofadeju (head of customer experience), and Atiti Timi (Head of HR).

This TechCabal org chart details Sycamore’s leadership structure.

If you would like to showcase the leadership structure of your startup in this way, contact the author of this article: ngozi@bigcabal.com.

“In 2023, we moved from negative to positive gross profit, and we want to be profitable by the end of the year,” Abdul Hassan, founder & CEO of Mono, told TechCabal. The startup expects to achieve profitability by scaling the adoption of its open finance tools. “We have more partnerships like this in the pipeline.”

The startup, like its competitors, has been expanding its focus from providing lenders with open banking APIs to servicing a wide range of fintechs to increase revenue. 

Before partnering with Mastercard, it had partnered with Flutterwave, one of Nigeria’s largest payment providers, to enable merchants to receive payment through the account-to-account (A2A) option which it calls DirectPay Pay with Bank. According to Mono, this payment option has facilitated payment transactions exceeding ₦5 billion since it launched in 2022. Mono can expect to facilitate even more volume as the Mastercard Payment Gateway System services numerous merchants across several African countries, including Kenya, Ghana, South Africa and Nigeria, where Mono currently operates.

On the other hand, this partnership is advantageous for Mastercard, as it has been finding new ways to digitalise spending. Through partnerships with payment providers, Mastercard has been exploring non-card payments in Africa for years: mobile money wallets, contactless payments, and QR payments. Around 2020,  over 1 million merchant locations across Africa were accepting  Mastercard QR payments.

”In three years, cards will mostly be used for offline payments,” said Hassan, who claims that Mono has connected more than 3 million financial accounts across Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya. He predicts that this account-to-account payment method will see even quicker adoption, especially in Nigeria, where  QR payments and contactless payments have slower uptake rates.

This optimistic outlook might be a breath of fresh air for established card networks like Mastercard and Visa, whose deployment of account-to-account payment in developed markets like the US and UK has met reluctance from users. Experts believe the consumer market in those regions favours the familiarity and ease of card payments for everyday spending and argue that users might require more incentives to adopt A2A options.

In contrast, in Nigeria, a lot of merchants are enabling the pay with bank option, which is repeatedly used even when there are USSD and card options, according to Hassan. “I think it is because of the ease and perceived security.”  Also, the settlement is instant and much faster than cards.

Hassan reasons that the success of this payment method for Mastercard spells good tidings for Mono’s dream to become a household name. 

“We currently have a web-based app that allows users to see how many fintech apps their bank details are linked to.” The four-year-old startup hopes to gain familiarity with the larger consumer market and eventually launch the web app as a mobile app with added features.

Since its launch in 2020, Bamboo has announced $19.4 million in VC investment from investors like Greycroft, Tiger Global, Motley Fool Ventures, Saison Capital, Chrysalis Capital, and Y-Combinator’s Michael Seibel.

The co-founders are Richmond Bassey and Yanmo Omorogbe.  Bassey steers the ship as CEO, focusing on the long-term vision and strategic direction of the company. Richmond Bassey CEO. His direct reports aside from Omorogbe,  chief operating officer (COO),  include George Imoedemhe, head of product & engineering, and  Dubai-based Oleg Medvedev who is head of design.  Meanwhile, Omorogbe, chief operating officer (COO), is in charge of the company’s day-to-day operations.

All team leads: Damilola Akinyemi (head of finance), Ebi Wanapere (head of platform), Jennnifer Abah (head of customer experience), Misan Omagbitse (head of people), and Oluwakemi Idowu (head of legal) report directly to her.

This TechCabal Org Chart details Bamboo’s leadership.

If you would like to showcase the leadership structure of your startup in this way, contact the author of this article: ngozi@bigcabal.com.

The revocation took effect on December 6, 2023. 

Cellulant is therefore leaving the consumer-facing mobile money market to focus on providing payment services to businesses. The company told TechCabal via email that it decided to exit the mobile money space and focus on providing solutions “as far back as 2021”. This informed its procurement of a Payment Solution Service Provider (PSSP) licence from the CBN, which has been issued and is now operational. 

“The regulator did not revoke the licence as a result of infractions or any breach. The CBN succeeded in gazetting this request in December 2023, occasioned by the time it took them to conclude the process of revoking the mobile money license as requested by Cellulant,” Cellulant said in the email.

The CBN in the aforementioned letter addressed to Cellulant said it was revoking Cellulant’s mobile money licence, “following [Cellulant’s] decision to discontinue operating the licence”.

The company, which raised $54.5 million in three funding rounds between 2014 and 2018 from investors like The Rise Fund, has hit a rough patch lately. After an out-of-court settlement of a long-drawn leadership tussle with its former co-founder, Bolaji Akinboro, Cellulant has struggled to stabilise its operations and raise new funding.

In 2023, Cellulant saw the need to restructure its business, including reducing the headcount by 20% in August. In December, the company’s CEO Akshay Grover, stepped down citing personal reasons. That exit also led to another round of layoffs in the company and the announcement of an acting CEO. 

Auto finance companies enable consumers to buy cars from dealers and be able to pay over a period of time. 

However, experts say shifts in vehicle pricing due to the FX crisis and market dynamics have significant implications for vehicle financing. 

Three companies that TechCabal spoke to said they are prioritising financing vehicles in areas of preference. This means measuring the demand for a particular vehicle, deciding whether the vehicle serves a commercial purpose, and assessing how affordable it is for consumers. 

“Ultimately, these changes reflect a dynamic adaptation within the vehicle financing sector to accommodate shifting market conditions and consumer preferences,” said Ojurongbe Damilola, head of technical services, Cars45.  

Max, for example, which historically financed motorcycles, bicycles, three-wheelers, and mini-buses (four-wheelers), said it has recently done more three-wheelers and motorcycles in the 11 Nigerian states where it operates. It has financed 33,000 vehicles so far. Max plans to finance 70,000 vehicles in 2024. 

For Carima, a B2B marketplace that allows dealers to make requests from other dealers for cars they don’t have in their lots, financing dealers is the better route to profitability. The company said it has financed dealers’ requests worth N400 million since January this year and has received back 100% of the loans. The platform has 3,000 registered dealers and overall access to 30,000 dealers. 

“We are financing dealers because they see cars as an asset while the normal individual sees cars as a liability. The dealer is buying a car because he wants to resell and make a profit,” Adebayo Tomiwa, CEO of Carima, told TechCabal. With 100% repayment done so far, Carima is now looking to expand the service. 

While prices of cars are on the rise, experts say the factors driving consumers towards vehicle financing include the ability to access a wide range of vehicles that financiers can now provide. Ojurongbe Damilola of Cars45, told TechCabal that this variety now allows individuals to select vehicles that meet both their preferences and financial realities. 

Another factor attracting consumers is expanded financing options due to more financing companies entering the market. This means that customers can now make their choices from a broader range of car loan providers. This also has led to more people embracing the concept of financing vehicles as they are more willing to consider vehicle loans as a viable option for buying cars due to the financial burden it takes off them. 

“This increased competition among financiers has made financing more accessible to a larger segment of the population,” Damilola said. 

However, there are concerns as to how the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) will affect loan interest rates, including car loans, if they continue to increase the benchmark interest rate. On March 26, 2024, the MPC hiked the benchmark interest rate by 200 basis points to 24.75%, from 22.75% recorded a month ago. Most of the financing companies often collaborate with financial institutions to access the funds they disburse as loans; an increase in base interest rate can also necessitate an adjustment in the rates offered by these companies.